Gettysburg National Military Park Bird List | ||||
This list was certified in 2004 and is courtesy of Gettysburg National Military Park. A 1991 list is also available. This list includes all the species that have been documented within Gettysburg National Military Park including East Cavalary Field, and the Eisenhower National Historical Site. Absence of a species from the list does not necessarily indicate its absence from the park, since it is possible that formal census techniques targeting rare, unique, cryptic or seasonally present species were not used. Species on the list are recorded using park-accepted scientific names that have been quality-checked and certified by subject-matter experts. The Occurrence field has also been reviewed and certified by experts. Changes relative to 1991 list The abundance and seasonality (including breeding status) of many species differs between the two lists. Additions: Osprey, Laughing Gull, Spotted Sandpiper, Turkey, Cedar Waxwing, Fish Crow, Tree Swallow, Orange-crowned Warbler, Double-crested Cormorant, Yellow-crowned Night Heron | ||||
Habitat
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Abundance
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Ducks, Geese and Swans | ||||
Order: Anseriformes. Family: Anatidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Canada Goose | Abundant | Open areas | Breeder | Branta canadensis |
Tundra Swan | Uncommon | Open areas | Migratory Transient | Cygnus columbianus; listed as Whistling Swan |
Wood Duck | Occasional | Understory | Unknown | Aix sponsa |
Mallard | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Anas platyrhynchos |
Pheasants, Turkeys, & Grouse | ||||
Order: Galliformes. Family: Phasianidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ring-necked Pheasant | Occasional | Open areas | Unknown | Phasianus colchicus |
Wild Turkey | Rare | Unknown | Meleagris gallopavo | |
Ruffed Grouse | Rare | Understory | Unknown | No confirmatory sighting; Bonsa umbellus |
Cormorants | ||||
Order: Suliformes. Family: Phalacrocoracidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Double-crested Cormorant | Rare | Migratory | Phalacrocorax auritus |
Bitterns, Herons and Egrets | ||||
Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Ardeidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Great Blue Heron | Occasional | Open areas | Unknown | Ardea herodias |
Great Egret | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | No confirmatory sighting; Ardea alba |
Green Heron | Occasional | Unknown | Butorides virescens | |
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron | Occasional | Vagrant | Nyctanassa violacea |
New World Vultures | ||||
Order: Accipitriformes. Family: Cathartidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Black Vulture | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Coragyps atratus |
Turkey Vulture | Abundant | Canopy | Breeder | Cathartes aura |
Osprey | ||||
Order: Accipitriformes. Family: Pandionidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Osprey | Occasional | Unknown | Pandion haliaetus |
Hawks, Kites, and Eagles | ||||
Order: Accipitriformes. Family: Accipitridae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Northern Harrier | Rare | Open areas | Unknown | Circus cyaneus |
Sharp-shinned Hawk | Rare | Open areas | Unknown | Accipiter striatus |
Cooper’s Hawk | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Accipiter cooperii |
Red-shouldered Hawk | Occasional | Open areas | Unknown | Buteo lineatus |
Broad-winged Hawk | Rare | Open areas | Unknown | Buteo platypterus |
Red-tailed Hawk | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Buteo jamaicensis |
Falcons | ||||
Order: Falconiformes. Family: Falconidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
American Kestrel | Uncommon | Open areas | Breeder | Falco sparverius |
Lapwings and Plovers | ||||
Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Charadriidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Killdeer | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Charadrius vociferus |
Sandpipers, Curlews, Stints, Godwins, Snipes, and Phalaropes | ||||
Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Scolopacidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Solitary Sandpiper | Unconfirmed | Tringa solitaria | ||
Upland Sandpiper | Occasional | Open areas | Migratory Transient | Bartramia longicauda (C) |
Wilson’s Snipe | Occasional | Open areas | Resident | Gallinago delicata |
American Woodcock | Occasional | breeder resident | Scolopax minor |
Gulls and Terns | ||||
Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Laridae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Laughing Gull | Occasional | Migratory | Leucophaeus atricilla | |
Ring-billed Gull | Occasional | Open areas | Migratory | Larus delawarensis |
Pigeons and Doves | ||||
Order: Columbiformes. Family: Columbidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rock Dove | Abundant | Open areas | Breeder | Columba livia |
Mourning Dove | Abundant | Open areas | Breeder | Zenaida macroura |
Cuckoos | ||||
Order: Cuculiformes. Family: Cuculidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yellow-billed Cuckoo | Rare | Open areas | Unknown | Coccyzus americanus |
Black-billed Cuckoo | Occasional | Open areas | Breeder | Coccyzus erythropthalmus |
Barn Owls | ||||
Order: Strigiformes. Family: Tytonidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Barn Owl | Occasional | Open areas | Unknown | Tyto alba |
Typical Owls | ||||
Order: Strigiformes. Family: Strigidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eastern Screech-Owl | Rare | Canopy | Breeder | Megascops asio |
Great Horned Owl | Uncommon | Open areas | Breeder | Bubo virginianus |
Barred Owl | Common | Canopy | Breeder | Strix varia |
Short-eared Owl | Rare | Resident | Asio flammeus | |
Northern Saw-whet Owl | Rare | Understory | Unknown | Aegolius acadicus |
Nightjars | ||||
Order: Caprimulgiformes. Family: Caprimulgidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Common Nighthawk | Occasional | Open areas | Unknown | Chordeiles minor |
Swifts | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Chimney Swift | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Chaetura pelagica |
Hummingbirds | ||||
Order: Apodiformes. Family: Trochilidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Ruby-throated Hummingbird | Ocasional | Open areas | Breeder | Archilochus colubris |
Kingfishers | ||||
Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Cerylidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Belted Kingfisher | Occasional | Open areas | Breeder | Megaceryle alcyon |
Woodpeckers, Sapsuckers, and Flickers | ||||
Order: Piciformes. Family: Picidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Red-headed Woodpecker | Common | Canopy | Breeder | Melanerpes erythrocephalus |
Red-bellied Woodpecker | Abundant | Canopy | Breeder | Melanerpes carolinus |
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker | Occasional | Canopy | Migratory | Sphyrapicus varius |
Downy Woodpecker | Uncommon | Canopy | Breeder | Picoides pubescens |
Hairy Woodpecker | Rare | Canopy | Breeder | Picoides villosus |
Northern Flicker | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Colaptes auratus |
Pileated Woodpecker | Rare | Canopy | Breeder | Dryocopus pileatus |
Tyrant Flycatchers | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Tyrannidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Eastern Wood-Pewee | Abundant | Canopy | Breeder | Contopus virens |
Acadian Flycatcher | Rare | Understory | Breeder | Empidonax virescens |
Willow Flycatcher | Occasional | Canopy | Unknown | This flycatcher has now been split into 2 species, the Alder and Willow flycatchers. Empidonax traillii. |
Least Flycatcher | Occasional | Canopy | Migratory | Empidonax minimus |
Eastern Phoebe | Rare | Canopy | Breeder | Sayornis phoebe |
Great Crested Flycatcher | Common | Canopy | Breeder | Myiarchus crinitus |
Eastern Kingbird | Uncommon | ? | Breeder | Tyrannus tyrannus |
Vireos | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Vireonidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
White-eyed Vireo | Occasional | Understory | Breeder | Vireo griseus |
Yellow-throated Vireo | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Vireo flavifrons |
Blue-headed Vireo | Occasional | Canopy | Breeder | Vireo solitarius |
Warbling Vireo | Occasional | Canopy | Breeder | Vireo gilvus |
Philadelphia Vireo | Rare | Canopy | Migratory Transient | No confirmatory sighting; Vireo philadelphicus |
Red-eyed Vireo | Common | Canopy | Breeder | Vireo olivaceus |
Jays, Crows, Mapies, and Ravens | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Corvidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Blue Jay | Abundant | Open areas | Breeder | Cyanocitta cristata |
American Crow | Abundant | Open areas | Breeder | Corvus brachyrhynchos |
Fish Crow | Rare | Unknown | Corvus ossifragus | |
Common Raven | Occasional | Open areas | Unknown | Corvus corax |
Larks | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Alaudidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Horned Lark | Occcasional | Open areas | Unknown | Eremophila alpestris |
Swallows and Martins | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Hirundinidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Purple Martin | Occasional | Open areas | Unknown | Progne subis |
Tree Swallow | Rare | Breeder | Tachycineta bicolor | |
Northern Rough-winged Swallow | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Stelgidopteryx serripennis |
Barn Swallow | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Hirundo rustica |
Chickadees and Titmice | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Paridae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Carolina Chickadee | Abundant | Open areas | Breeder | Poecile carolinensis |
Black-capped Chickadee | Occasional | Open areas | Winter resident | Poecile atricapillus |
Tufted Titmouse | Abundant | Understory | Breeder | Baeolophus bicolor |
Nuthatches | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Sittidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Red-breasted Nuthatch | Occasional | Canopy | Breeder | Sitta canadensis |
White-breasted Nuthatch | Common | Canopy | Breeder | Poecile carolinensis |
Treecreepers | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Certhiidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Brown Creeper | Rare | Understory | breeder | Certhia americana |
Wrens | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Troglodytidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Carolina Wren | Rare | Understory | Breeder | Thryothorus ludovicianus |
House Wren | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Troglodytes aedon |
Winter Wren | Occasional | Understory | Winter resident | Troglodytes hiemalis |
Marsh Wren | Rare | No confirmatory sighting; Cistothorus palustris |
Kinglets | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Regulidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Golden-crowned Kinglet | Occasional | Open areas | Resident | Regulus satrapa |
Ruby-crowned Kinglet | Uncommon | C | Migratory | Regulus calendula |
Gnatcatchers | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Polioptilidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Blue-gray Gnatcatcher | Common | Canopy | Breeder | Polioptila caerulea |
Thrushes | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Turdidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Eastern Bluebird | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Sialia sialis |
Veery | Occasional | Canopy | Migratory | Catharus fuscescens |
Gray-cheeked Thrush | Rare | Canopy | Breeder | No confirmatory sighting; Catharus minimus |
Swainson’s Thrush | Occasional | Understory | Migratory | Catharus ustulatus |
Hermit Thrush | Occasional | Understory | Breeder | Catharus guttatus |
Wood Thrush | Abundant | Understory | Breeder | Hylocichla mustelina |
American Robin | Abundant | Understory | Breeder | Turdus migratorius |
Mockingbirds and Thrashers | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Mimidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Gray Catbird | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Dumetella carolinensis |
Northern Mockingbird | Common | Understory | Breeder | Mimus polyglottos |
Brown Thrasher | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Toxostoma rufum |
Starlings | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Sturnidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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European Starling | Abundant | Open areas | Breeder | Sturnus vulgaris |
Waxwings | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Bombycillidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Cedar Waxwing | Uncommon | breeder | Bombycilla cedrorum |
Wood Warblers | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Parulidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Blue-winged Warbler | Uncommon | Open areas | Breeder | Vermivora cyanoptera |
Tennessee Warbler | Occasional | Open areas | Migratory Transient | Oreothlypis peregrina |
Orange-crowned Warbler | Occasional | Migratory | Oreothlypis celata | |
Nashville Warbler | Occasional | Canopy | Migratory Transient | Oreothlypis ruficapilla |
Northern Parula | Rare | Canopy | Breeder | Setophaga americana |
Yellow Warbler | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Setophaga petechia |
Chestnut-sided Warbler | Occasional | Understory | Breeder | Setophaga pensylvanica |
Magnolia Warbler | Rare | Canopy | Migratory Transient | Setophaga magnolia |
Cape May Warbler | Occasional | Open areas | Migratory Transient | Setophaga tigrina |
Black-throated Blue Warbler | Rare | Understory | Migratory | Setophaga caerulescens |
Yellow-rumped Warbler | Common | Canopy | Migratory Transient | Setophaga coronata |
Black-throated Green Warbler | Rare | Canopy | Breeder | Setophaga virens |
Blackburnian Warbler | Occasional | Canopy | Migratory Transient | Setophaga fusca |
Pine Warbler | Occasional | Canopy | Breeder | Setophaga pinus |
Prairie Warbler | Occasional | Open areas | Breeder | Setophaga discolor |
Palm Warbler | Occasional | Understory | Migratory Transient | Setophaga palmarum |
Bay-breasted Warbler | Uncommon | Understory | Migratory Transient | Setophaga castanea |
Blackpoll Warbler | Rare | Understory | Migratory Transient | Setophaga striata |
Cerulean Warbler | Occasional | Understory | Migratory | Setophaga cerulea |
Hooded Warbler | Occasional | Understory | Breeder | Setophaga citrina |
American Redstart | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Setophaga ruticilla |
Black-and-white Warbler | Rare | Understory | Breeder | Mniotilta varia |
Worm-eating Warbler | Occasional | Canopy | Unknown | Helmitheros vermivorus |
Ovenbird | Rare | Understory | Breeder | Seiurus aurocapilla |
Northern Waterthrush | Rare | Understory | Migratory Transient | No confirmatory sighting; Parkesia noveboracensis |
Louisiana Waterthrush | Occasional | Understory | Breeder | Parkesia motacilla |
Connecticut Warbler | Oporornis agilis | |||
Kentucky Warbler | Occasional | Understory | Breeder | Geothlypis formosa |
Common Yellowthroat | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Geothlypis trichas |
Wilson’s Warbler | Occasional | Understory | Migratory Transient | Cardellina pusilla |
Canada Warbler | Occasional | Understory | Migratory Transient | Cardellina canadensis |
American Sparrows, Towees, and Juncos | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Emberizidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Eastern Towhee | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Pipilo erythrophthalmus; listed as rufous-sided |
American Tree Sparrow | Occasional | Open areas | Migratory | Spizella arborea |
Chipping Sparrow | Uncommon | Open areas | Breeder | OSpizella passerina |
Field Sparrow | Common | Open areas | breeder | Spizella pusilla |
Vesper Sparrow | Occasional | Understory | Breeder | Pooecetes gramineus |
Savannah Sparrow | Occasional | Open areas | Breeder | Passerculus sandwichensis |
Grasshopper Sparrow | Rare | Open areas | Breeder | Ammodramus savannarum |
Henslow’s Sparrow | Occasional | Open areas | Unknown | Ammodramus henslowii |
Fox Sparrow | Occasional | Open areas | Migratory | Passerella iliaca |
Song Sparrow | Common | Open areas | breeder | Melospiza melodia |
Lincoln’s Sparrow | Occasional | Open areas | Migratory Transient | Melospiza lincolnii |
Swamp Sparrow | Occasional | Open areas | breeder | Melospiza georgiana |
White-throated Sparrow | Uncommon | Understory | Winter resident | Zonotrichia albicollis |
White-crowned Sparrow | Occasional | Open areas | Migratory | Zonotrichia leucophrys |
Dark-eyed Junco | Abundant | Open areas | Resident | Junco hyemalis |
Cardinals, Grosbeaks, and allies | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Cardinalidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Scarlet Tanager | Uncommon | Canopy | Breeder | Piranga olivacea |
Northern Cardinal | Abundant | Open areas | Breeder | Cardinalis cardinalis |
Rose-breasted Grosbeak | Occasional | Open areas | breeder | Pheucticus ludovicianus |
Indigo Bunting | Uncommon | Open areas | Breeder | Passerina cyanea |
Blackbirds, meadowlarks, cowbirds, grackles, and orioles | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Icteridae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
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Bobolink | Uncommon | Open areas | Breeder | Dolichonyx oryzivorus |
Red-winged Blackbird | Abundant | Open areas | Breeder | Agelaius phoeniceus |
Eastern Meadowlark | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Sturnella magna |
Rusty Blackbird | Rare | Understory | MIgratory | Euphagus carolinus |
Common Grackle | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Quiscalus quiscula |
Brown-headed Cowbird | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Molothrus ater |
Orchard Oriole | Occasional | Open areas | Breeder | Icterus spurius |
Baltimore Oriole | Uncommon | Canopy | Breeder | Icterus galbula |
Finches | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Fringillidae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Purple Finch | Rare | Open areas | Resident | Haemorhous purpureus |
House Finch | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Haemorhous mexicanus |
Pine Siskin | Occasional | Canopy | Winter resident | Spinus pinus |
American Goldfinch | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Spinus tristis |
Old World Sparrows | ||||
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Passeridae | ||||
Abundance | Habitat | Seasonality | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
House Sparrow | Common | Open areas | Breeder | Passer domesticus |